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History the effect is named after james prescott joule and william thomson, 1st baron kelvin, who discovered it in 1852 This process is done under adiabatic and constant enthalpy conditions. It followed upon earlier work by joule on joule expansion, in which a gas undergoes free expansion in a vacuum and the temperature is unchanged, if the gas is ideal.

In 1852, working with william thomson (who would later become lord kelvin), joule conducted an experiment in which they pumped gas at a steady rate through a lead pipe that was cinched to create a construction. There is no heat exchange between the gas and the pipe. At ordinary temperatures and pressures, all real gases except hydrogen and helium cool upon such expansion

This phenomenon often is used in liquefying gases.

This process, known as a throttling or isenthalpic expansion, occurs when a gas is forced through a porous plug or valve from a region of high pressure to low pressure. Its role in gas dynamics, cooling, and pressure changes, and applications in refrigeration and engineering.

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